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php操作ElasticSearch搜索引擎流程详解

IT博客 后端开发 php 476

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详细介绍

一、安装

通过composer安装

composer require "elasticsearch/elasticsearch"

二、使用

创建ES类

<?php
 
require "vendor/autoload.php";
 
//如果未设置密码
$es = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"])->build();
 
//如果es设置了密码
$es = ElasticsearchClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(["http://username:password@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9200"])->build()

三、新建ES数据库

index 对应关系型数据（以下简称MySQL）里面的数据库，而不是对应MySQL里面的索引

<?php
$params = [
    "index" => "autofelix_db", #index的名字不能是大写和下划线开头
    "body" => [
        "settings" => [
            "number_of_shards" => 5,
            "number_of_replicas" => 0
        ]
    ]
];
$es->indices()->create($params);

四、创建表

在MySQL里面，光有了数据库还不行，还需要建立表，ES也是一样的 ES中的type对应MySQL里面的表 ES6以前，一个index有多个type，就像MySQL中一个数据库有多个表一样但是ES6以后，每个index只允许一个type 在定义字段的时候，可以看出每个字段可以定义单独的类型在first_name中还自定义了分词器 ik，这是个插件，是需要单独安装的

<?php
$params = [
    "index" => "autofelix_db",
    "type" => "autofelix_table",
    "body" => [
        "mytype" => [
            "_source" => [
                "enabled" => true
            ],
            "properties" => [
                "id" => [
                    "type" => "integer"
                ],
                "first_name" => [
                    "type" => "text",
                    "analyzer" => "ik_max_word"
                ],
                "last_name" => [
                    "type" => "text",
                    "analyzer" => "ik_max_word"
                ],
                "age" => [
                    "type" => "integer"
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
];
$es->indices()->putMapping($params);

五、插入数据

现在数据库和表都有了，可以往里面插入数据了在ES里面的数据叫文档可以多插入一些数据，等会可以模拟搜索功能

<?php
$params = [
    "index" => "autofelix_db",
    "type" => "autofelix_table",
    //"id" => 1, #可以手动指定id，也可以不指定随机生成
    "body" => [
        "first_name" => "飞",
        "last_name" => "兔",
        "age" => 26
    ]
];
$es->index($params);

六、查询所有数据

<?php
$data = $es->search();
 
var_dump($data);

七、查询单条数据

如果你在插入数据的时候指定了id，就可以查询的时候加上id 如果你在插入的时候未指定id，系统将会自动生成id，你可以通过查询所有数据后查看其id

<?php
$params = [
    "index" => "autofelix_db",
    "type" => "autofelix_table",
    "id" =>  //你插入数据时候的id
];
$data = $es->get($params);

八、搜索

ES精髓的地方就在于搜索

<?php
$params = [
    "index" => "autofelix_db",
    "type" => "autofelix_table",
    "body" => [
        "query" => [
            "constant_score" => [ //非评分模式执行
                "filter" => [ //过滤器，不会计算相关度，速度快
                    "term" => [ //精确查找，不支持多个条件
                        "first_name" => "飞"
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
];
 
$data = $es->search($params);
var_dump($data);

九、测试代码

基于Laravel环境，包含删除数据库，删除文档等操作

<?php
use ElasticsearchClientBuilder;
use FakerGenerator as Faker;
 
/**
 * ES 的 php 实测代码
 */
class EsDemo
{
    private $EsClient = null;
    private $faker = null;
 
    /**
     * 为了简化测试，本测试默认只操作一个Index，一个Type
     */
    private $index = "autofelix_db";
    private $type = "autofelix_table";
 
    public function __construct(Faker $faker)
    {
        /**
         * 实例化 ES 客户端
         */
        $this->EsClient = ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(["xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"])->build();
        /**
         * 这是一个数据生成库
         */
        $this->faker = $faker;
    }
 
    /**
     * 批量生成文档
     * @param $num
     */
    public function generateDoc($num = 100) {
        foreach (range(1,$num) as $item) {
            $this->putDoc([
                "first_name" => $this->faker->name,
                "last_name" => $this->faker->name,
                "age" => $this->faker->numberBetween(20,80)
            ]);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function delDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            "id" =>$id
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->delete($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 搜索文档，query是查询条件
     * @param array $query
     * @param int $from
     * @param int $size
     * @return array
     */
    public function search($query = [], $from = 0, $size = 5) {
//        $query = [
//            "query" => [
//                "bool" => [
//                    "must" => [
//                        "match" => [
//                            "first_name" => "Cronin",
//                        ]
//                    ],
//                    "filter" => [
//                        "range" => [
//                            "age" => ["gt" => 76]
//                        ]
//                    ]
//                ]
//
//            ]
//        ];
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
//            "index" => "m*", #index 和 type 是可以模糊匹配的，甚至这两个参数都是可选的
            "type" => $this->type,
            "_source" => ["first_name","age"], // 请求指定的字段
            "body" => array_merge([
                "from" => $from,
                "size" => $size
            ],$query)
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->search($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 一次获取多个文档
     * @param $ids
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDocs($ids) {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            "body" => ["ids" => $ids]
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->mget($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取单个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            "id" =>$id
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->get($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 更新一个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function updateDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            "id" =>$id,
            "body" => [
                "doc" => [
                    "first_name" => "张",
                    "last_name" => "三",
                    "age" => 99
                ]
            ]
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->update($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 添加一个文档到 Index 的Type中
     * @param array $body
     * @return void
     */
    public function putDoc($body = []) {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            // "id" => 1, #可以手动指定id，也可以不指定随机生成
            "body" => $body
        ];
        $this->EsClient->index($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除所有的 Index
     */
    public function delAllIndex() {
        $indexList = $this->esStatus()["indices"];
        foreach ($indexList as $item => $index) {
            $this->delIndex();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取 ES 的状态信息，包括index 列表
     * @return array
     */
    public function esStatus() {
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->stats();
    }
 
    /**
     * 创建一个索引 Index （非关系型数据库里面那个索引，而是关系型数据里面的数据库的意思）
     * @return void
     */
    public function createIndex() {
        $this->delIndex();
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "body" => [
                "settings" => [
                    "number_of_shards" => 2,
                    "number_of_replicas" => 0
                ]
            ]
        ];
        $this->EsClient->indices()->create($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 检查Index 是否存在
     * @return bool
     */
    public function checkIndexExists() {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->exists($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个Index
     * @return void
     */
    public function delIndex() {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index
        ];
        if ($this->checkIndexExists()) {
            $this->EsClient->indices()->delete($params);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取Index的文档模板信息
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMapping() {
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->getMapping($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 创建文档模板
     * @return void
     */
    public function createMapping() {
        $this->createIndex();
        $params = [
            "index" => $this->index,
            "type" => $this->type,
            "body" => [
                $this->type => [
                    "_source" => [
                        "enabled" => true
                    ],
                    "properties" => [
                        "id" => [
                            "type" => "integer"
                        ],
                        "first_name" => [
                            "type" => "text",
                            "analyzer" => "ik_max_word"
                        ],
                        "last_name" => [
                            "type" => "text",
                            "analyzer" => "ik_max_word"
                        ],
                        "age" => [
                            "type" => "integer"
                        ]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ];
        $this->EsClient->indices()->putMapping($params);
        $this->generateDoc();
    }
}

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